African Penguin vs Arctic Tern
Spheniscus demersus 对比 Sterna paradisaea
Side-by-Side Comparison
| 属性 | African Penguin | Arctic Tern |
|---|---|---|
| 学名 | Spheniscus demersus | Sterna paradisaea |
| 目 | Sphenisciformes | Charadriiformes |
| 科 | Spheniscidae | Laridae |
| 保护状况 | Endangered | Least Concern |
| 体长 | 60.0 cm (23.6 in) | 34.0 cm (13.4 in) |
| 翼展 | 42.0 cm (16.5 in) | 80.0 cm (31.5 in) |
| 体重 | 3100.0 g (109.35 oz) | 110.0 g (3.88 oz) |
| 食性 | Small schooling fish, especially sardines and anchovies. Forages within 40 km of the colony, diving … | Small fish and crustaceans caught by plunge-diving from the air. Hovers briefly before diving. |
| 产卵数 | 2 | 2-3 |
| Population Trend | — | — |
Size Comparison
Habitat Comparison
African Penguin
Rocky coastlines and offshore islands of southern Africa. Nests in burrows, under boulders, or in surface scrapes.
Arctic Tern
Breeds on coastal and tundra habitats. Spends most of its life at sea over the open ocean. Nests in colonies on beaches and rocky shores.
Song & Call Comparison
African Penguin
A loud, donkey-like braying 'waaah-waaah' — hence its nickname 'jackass penguin'. Also gives softer grunts and contact calls at the colony. Highly vocal on breeding beaches.
Arctic Tern
A sharp, grating 'kree-yah' alarm call. Also gives 'kik-kik-kik' near the nest. Highly aggressive vocally during the Arctic breeding season. Calls are harsh and insistent.
Geographic Range & Migration
African Penguin
Coastal southwestern Africa from Namibia to Port Elizabeth, South Africa. The only penguin species breeding in Africa.
Arctic Tern
Breeds in the Arctic and sub-Arctic. Migrates to the Antarctic, experiencing two summers per year. Found on every ocean.
保护状况
African Penguin
Arctic Tern
How to Tell Them Apart
African Penguin
Black upperparts and white underparts with a distinctive black horseshoe-shaped band across the breast. Pink patches of bare skin above the eyes help with thermoregulation.
Sturdy, pointed, black bill with a grey band near the tip
Arctic Tern
Pale grey upperparts, white underparts with a black cap. Blood-red bill and short red legs. Deeply forked tail streamers. Winter adults lose the full black cap.
Slender, pointed, bright red bill
About These Birds
African Penguin
非洲企鹅（学名Spheniscus demersus）是非洲大陆唯一原生的企鹅物种，又称公驴企鹅，因发出类似驴叫的叫声而得名。体重2-3千克，体长60-70厘米。濒危物种（IUCN红色名录），种群数量持续下降，主要受过度捕捞、石油污染和气候变化威胁。繁殖于南非和纳米比亚沿海岛屿。
Arctic Tern
北极燕鸥进行所有动物中最长的迁徙，每年从北极繁殖地飞往南极越冬地，往返距离超过70,000公里。体型纤细，翼展约80厘米，全身主要为白色，具黑色头冠和红色喙。无危；繁殖于北极和亚北极海岸及岛屿，全球种群约200万只。