Migration

Zugunruhe

คำนิยาม

The migratory restlessness exhibited by captive birds during migration season, driven by internal clocks.

คำอธิบายเพิ่มเติม

Zugunruhe (German: 'migratory restlessness') is measured by the increased nighttime activity of captive birds during the migration season. Its intensity and duration scale with migration distance — a Common Swift shows more pronounced zugunruhe than a short-distance migrant. The behavior is entrained by photoperiod and modulated by melatonin and corticosterone. Orientation cage (Emlen funnel) experiments combined with zugunruhe measurements showed that the direction of restlessness matches the bird's natural migratory direction.

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